Malaria & Typhoid

Malaria

Definition: Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito.

Causes and Risk Factors:
1. Infected Mosquito Bite
2. Travel to Malaria-Endemic Areas
3. Poor Sanitation and Hygiene
4. Lack of Protective Measures (e.g., Insecticide-Treated Bed Nets)

Symptoms:
1. Fever
2. Chills
3. Flu-like Symptoms
4. Nausea and Vomiting
5. Diarrhea
6. Abdominal Pain

Diagnosis and Treatment:
1. Blood Tests (e.g., Rapid Diagnostic Tests, PCR)
2. Microscopy
3. Antimalarial Medications (e.g., Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapies)
4. Supportive Care (e.g., Fluids, Rest)

Prevention:
1. Use Insecticide-Treated Bed Nets
2. Wear Protective Clothing and Apply Insect Repellent
3. Eliminate Breeding Sites for Mosquitoes
4. Use Air Conditioning or Screens on Windows and Doors
5. Take Antimalarial Medications Before Traveling to Endemic Areas

Typhoid

Definition: Typhoid is a bacterial infection caused by Salmonella Typhi, typically spread through contaminated food and water.

Causes and Risk Factors:
1. Consuming Contaminated Food and Water
2. Poor Sanitation and Hygiene
3. Travel to Typhoid-Endemic Areas
4. Close Contact with an Infected Person

Symptoms:
1. Fever
2. Headache
3. Fatigue
4. Loss of Appetite
5. Nausea and Vomiting
6. Diarrhea or Constipation

Diagnosis and Treatment:
1. Blood Tests (e.g., Blood Culture, PCR)
2. Stool Tests
3. Antibiotics (e.g., Ciprofloxacin, Azithromycin)
4. Supportive Care (e.g., Fluids, Rest)

Prevention:
1. Practice Good Hygiene (e.g., Wash Hands Frequently)
2. Avoid Consuming Contaminated Food and Water
3. Avoid Close Contact with Infected Persons
4. Get Vaccinated Against Typhoid Before Traveling to Endemic Areas